Through the time of transition, Russian experience is an exceptional laboratory to study the rise of capitalism and its institutionalization. Based on a field study of the first small entrepreneurs, this essay offers a new approach of different ideas developed according to western realities. ...

Altai Consulting started its operation in 2003 in Afghanistan. Today the company completes research and consulting assignments in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Iraq and Palestine. The firm aims at stimulating the development of post-conflict countries, attracting investments and...

After more than 60 years of development aid, extreme poverty is still a severe problem on several continents. William Easterly tries to analyze why development aid failed to work as expected and had some bad effects on the poorest people. Agencies are not held responsible, target populations are...

What can economic history teach us about the current state of the world ? What are the main trends, the main dynamics that led to the prevailing position of the European economic model and its expansion ? Fernand Braudel gives us tools to answer these questions in this essay which is entitled...

In this paper, we intend to analyze the French concept of « décroissance » or for « economic downsizing» or « voluntary simplicity ». It is a historical approach, which discusses it's birth, evolution and spread in the intellectual and activist sphere. We focus on the first critics of...